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Female Fertility Conditions and Treatments Available

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PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

What is PID ?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a serious Infection Hitting at the

UTERUS,FALLOPIAN TUBES,OVARIES.(Which is known as the upper genital tract.)

If the disease is left untreated it could result in serious consequences such as infertility, tubal (ectopic) pregnancies, chronic abdominal pain and internal pelvic scarring.

PID is one of the world's leading causes of infertility in women. In a single year, more than a million women are diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease.¹ The majority of women infected with PID are young (late teens, early twenties) and are usually sexually active with more than one partner. The disease is generally restricted to women of menstruating age and seldom affects women who do not menstruate.

Symptoms

The symptoms experienced with PID frequently occur at the end of a woman's menstrual cycle. The most common symptoms include irregular or heavy bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and heavy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Other symptoms may include pain with urination or intercourse, nausea, vomiting, fever, and other flu-like symptoms. A major problem with PID is that depending upon the source of infection some patients may never experience the symptoms characteristic of this disease and therefore, may not know they are infected.

Diagnoising and Testing

In order to diagnose a PID infection, a physician may perform several tests. A physical examination is typically done first in order for the physician to locate the specific area of the body that is bothering the patient. If the problem is found in the lower abdominal area, a pelvic exam can be performed for further investigation. A sonogram may also be taken to obtain a better idea of what the reproductive organs look like inside the woman's body. To help in determining the cause of the disease, a sample of the woman's vaginal discharge may also be examined. In addition, surgical procedures can be performed to confirm the presence of PID. These include endometrial biopsies and laparoscopies.

Treatments Available

Currently the most effective treatment for PID infection is the use of several antibiotics.^1,2 Treatment with antibiotics is commonly given to the woman for fourteen days.

How does It affect Infertility ?

Surgery or in vitro fertilization (IVF) is typically used to treat infertility that may have resulted in scarring or adhesions from a PID infection. There are several surgical options that can be used to preserve the woman's fertility. Abdominal microsurgery and tubal repair surgery can be done to repair any damage that is present in the fallopian tubes or other areas of the reproductive system. For example, a laparoscopy is used to remove adhesions and repair blocked tubes from PID infections. Tubal reproductive surgeries are sometimes able to restore the woman's fertility. In many cases, however, ectopic (tubal) pregnancies occur more frequently in women who have had reproductive surgery. For this reason, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is commonly done in place of surgery in women with tubal obstruction as a result of PID. IVF is a complex procedure where the egg is fertilized outside of the woman's body, in a laboratory, and then placed back into her uterus. Ultimately your fertility specialist will recommend whether reproductive surgery or IVF is the best treatment approach for you.^8,9

Overview

Pelvic inflammatory disease can have a devastating effect on women, especially those who want to conceive. Since 20% of infertility is due to PID, it is important to continue to research and develop new methods of treatment for PID and for the infertility associated with it.⁶ With current technology, PID may no longer signify infertility for women. Procedures like in vitro fertilization and reproductive surgery can help maintain fertility in women whom at one time suffered from PID. The most important thing to remember is that prevention is a key factor in avoiding PID. Being able to recognize early signs and symptoms of PID and practicing safe sex with a latex condom are just two easy methods of prevention.

For PCOS

Thyroid Disease

Many women with thyroid disease worry about whether they can even become pregnant. It is true that thyroid problems can sometimes be an impediment to getting pregnant. fairly common problems caused by thyroid dysfunction are anovulation (no ovulation, or release of an egg) and menstrual irregularities. With no egg to fertilize, conception becomes impossible. In addition, some women experience a short luteal phase. The luteal phase is the timeframe between ovulation and onset of menstruation. The luteal phase needs to be of sufficient duration (a normal luteal phase is approximately 13 to 15 days) to nurture a fertilized egg, and too-short a phase can cause what appears to be infertility, but is in fact failure to sustain a fertilized egg, with loss of the very early pregnancy at around the same time as menstruation would typically begin.

UTERINE FYBROIDS

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